Letters

Dear General McChrystal:

We must adopt a clinical definition of “America” in order to identify a clear mission statement. By founding pedigree, that definition is: “a middling political society adorned with Classical precepts and Enlightenment principles.” And since neither separation of powers nor natural rights prevail where tyrants and oligarchs do, the first object of American patriotism is ensuring the conditions where they can, channeling all our care to the end of middle-class primacy.

Welcome to our letters project!

On or about the Ides of every month, the Adams Institute will send letters to two prominent Americans whose words or actions are relevant to the proposed amendment, and whose contributions to the idea of democratic-republican government merit all of our consideration. These letters will also copy other distinguished individuals who were somehow involved in the recipient’s words or deeds, or in our analysis thereof. 

Our initial letters to each primary recipient, along with our initial cover letters explaining to copied individuals why they were copied, will be published as an open diary of correspondence in the hopes of inspiring discussion of our proposed amendment and emulation of the recipients’ good examples. Any subsequent correspondence with any of these individuals would not be treated as part of this corpus of open correspondence, absent some further understanding with the parties involved.

PDF files featuring scans of all this original correspondence will be available to the public for download, and the substantive content of each primary letter will be pasted in blog-post format.

First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Peter Georgescu, October 2024

We in America have been blessed by geniuses. Our Forefathers. Who believed in a few critical principles that I so embraced when I learned about them. All men are created equal. These idealistic views of America meant so much to me. You said these words to David Westin on the July 5, 2024 episode of Wall Street Week. Though that interview closed on a positive note, its assessment of America’s present circumstances was anything but optimistic. It was rather quite grim. Noting that 60% of Americans are so insecure they struggle to put food on the table, you suggested that America’s

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Steve Ballmer, October 2024

Three key points emerged from your lively discussion with Jon Stewart on September 10, 2024, where you discussed your work on your project USAFacts: First, that the twin pillars of America are capitalism and democracy; Second, that some form of government intervention is necessary to maintain a balanced and sustainable relationship between these two pillars; and Third, that some combination of taxes and incentives are the appropriate form of intervention. A fourth point not elaborated, but which Mr. Stewart has elsewhere addressed, concerns the political consequences which arise when government fails to strike the proper balance between capitalism and democracy.

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Second Letter from Tim Ferguson to Tim Wu, September 2024

Our last letter considered how middle-class primacy is the sine qua non for legitimate popular government, summarizing the role of the middle class in political society as follows: Where the middle class prevails, the people are too busy for demagogues, too optimistic for faction, too traditional for radical ideas, too independent for patronage, and too moderate for extremism. In the summary of Operation Abigail, enclosed with this letter, we outline a single, simple, historically-informed political intervention derived from the Classical anthropology contained in our last letter that, if duly enforced, would safeguard middle-class households from every conceivable economic force that could

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Arnold Schwarzenegger, September 2024

Although America has progressed in many ways since 1968, it has regressed in the most important: the health of its middle class. This isn’t open for honest debate. It’s numerical fact, demonstrable in mathematical terms. While we should recognize the progress our country has made – the advancements in science and technology, the improvement of capitalism, a general intolerance of overt sexism and racism – we should also remember that none of them guarantee the middle-class foundation upon which our republican experiment in government always depended. That requires the broad, productive, and sustainable diffusion of wealth within the body politic.

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Joe Biden, August 2024

The moderate grip with which you’ve held the reins of power, and the causes which compelled you to relax it altogether, earn you an affectionate memory among the characters of republican history. Your example is particularly striking given our own republic’s place in that history: The long period of prosperity, stability, and hegemony we’ve enjoyed under the Pax Americana leave us no yoke of foreign oppression to overthrow, no new government to establish, no new continent to explore, and no plutocrat-slaveholder army to meet on the battlefield. Though there remain ceilings to be broken – perhaps most conspicuously the elimination of

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Steve Bannon, August 2024

Reference is made to your recent interview with David Brooks, the transcript of which was published in The New York Times as the July 1, 2024 op-ed My Unsettling Interview with Steve Bannon. While we certainly don’t agree with all your comments, we agree with these two: First, that “We’re fighting for a republic.” And second, that to prevail, “You’ve got to not just reallocate income, you have to reallocate assets. People have to have a stake in this.” We write you today to solicit your consideration of an economic plan designed to serve both objectives: To productively de-concentrate wealth in

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Ganesh Sitaraman, July 2024

“Every American needs to read this,” Elizabeth Warren said of your 2017 book The Crisis of the Middle-Class Constitution. We agree. Your research in parts I and II have supplemented our own work on the question to which we are devoted, which is fast becoming existential for our form of government: shall Americans govern themselves as a democratic-republic, or be ruled by insatiable plutocrats or populist demagogues? We both hail from that political anthropology which places the answer to that question within in the realm of political economy. The principal lesson in the history of republican government is that the diffusion

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Second Letter from Tim Ferguson to Jon Stewart, July 2024

Our last letter to you diagnosed the cause of America’s political distress. We therein concluded that the most virulent symptoms suffered by the body politic – pessimism, anxiety, polarization, tribalism, anger, demagoguery, and authoritarianism – are ultimately attributable to the middling insecurity arising from extreme wealth concentration. We now undertake to prescribe a cure for extreme wealth concentration – a disease which no political society has ever cured and which if allowed to naturally progress will prove mortal to our republican form of government. Although no society has yet corrected that disease, our last letter closed mentioning perhaps the nearest mankind

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Tim Wu, June 2024

You’ve made and will surely continue to make essential contributions to a discussion in which most of mankind has never had any real voice: By what form of regime shall we be governed? The debate goes back at least twenty-five centuries, to an argument among three Persian nobles over whether they would be ruled as a monarchy, aristocracy, or democracy, and if John Adams is to be believed, political science has not advanced much since. We write you now to endorse two of your conclusions of importance to this discussion, while taking the liberty to explicitly link them to a

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Jon Stewart, June 2024

You joke and your audience laughs at events that are more horrifying than humorous to any serious student of history. Yet your comedic talent and fame couldn’t be put to a greater use than to help focus our polarized nation’s attention on the rising danger to our experiment in popular government. Nor has any project lent greater strength to the adage that the most serious things are said in jest. For what could be more serious than the question you’ve lately taken up, which is: Will we preserve the democratic-republican model of government established by our Founding Fathers? Or will our

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Carter Price and Kathryn Edwards, May 2024

We commend your 2020 Working Paper Trends in Income From 1975 to 2018, and we credit Civic Ventures’ interview of Dr. Price for raising it to our attention. The astonishing magnitude of the problem they reveal – and the headwinds younger generations now face – may perhaps be most effectively communicated to ordinary Americans with a little vignette explaining how, over the past 50 years, they’ve been deprived of an amount of income so massive that it exceeds the entire wealth of every other nation on Earth except China: In the Second World War, America and her allies defeated

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Liz Cheney, May 2024

In giving your account of January 6, you cited George Washington’s voluntary relinquishment of power as “one of the highest moral lessons ever given to the world.” But though you quoted John Trumbull’s words, you omitted the story behind them. Trumbull said them to President James Madison. Congress had just commissioned Trumbull to execute four paintings in the national Capitol celebrating the foundation of our republic. The choice of subjects was left to Madison, who summoned Trumbull to the White House to discuss the matter. Upon briefly considering Trumbull’s words above, Madison, Father of the Constitution and a devout student

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Erica Payne, Morris Pearl, and Bob Lord, April 2024

In Stephen Spielberg’s 1997 movie Amistad, John Quincy Adams (Anthony Hopkins) famously said “in court, whoever tells the best story wins.” If only this were so in the realm of tax policy. But as your 2021 chat with Town Hall Seattle seemed to suggest, when it comes to tax policy, whoever writes the biggest checks wins. The quid pro quo which governs our tax system arises from the natural symbiosis existing between wealthy donors wishing to minimize their tax liability and ambitious candidates wishing to maximize their campaign funds. And so long as that bargain persists, the donor-candidate bond shall prevail

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Dolly Parton, April 2024

Although many folks are frustrated by the fact of your partisan neutrality, all should respect your reasons for it. And the greatest reason is, as far as we can tell, that your Christian faith prohibits you from casting aspersions and condemnations upon others. Your partisan neutrality does not, however, translate to political mootness. Touching on the themes of women’s dignity and equality, migrants and poverty, many of your songs convey an egalitarian, tolerant, and compassionate political disposition. But perhaps your most provocative political lyrics are found in your recent song World on Fire from your latest album, Rockstar. This song seems

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Marcus Brutus, March 2024

The wisest founder of our republic once wrote that the best-known period of history covered the death of yours. Writing to you a hundred generations later, I fear that if we do not soon grasp the basic parallels in the causes which brought down Rome’s commonwealth and now threaten ours, we may have little hope of avoiding a similar fate. Many patriots tried to preserve the Roman Republic according to their understanding of fealty. The names of Gracchus and Brutus loom largest in my mind. No tragedy more than their failure could better teach us the fact that all euphoria that

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Darren Walker, February 2024

Roughly one-fifth of America’s population were slaves at the moment of Independence, entitling their descendants a primal claim to America’s founding lineage, equal to any whose ancestors disembarked the Mayflower. Yet even 159 years after Abolition, countless millions of these descendants feel more alienated from the American Dream than those whose forebears later arrived by choice, making it understandable if any should decline to boast that heritage. History tells us how this wound was made. Economics tells us that the wound remains open. Ignorance daily pours fresh salt into it. And yet you, Mr. Walker, have told us not only how

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Abigail Disney, February 2024

By the time you earned your philosophy doctorate, you must have encountered Socrates’s saying: “The unexamined life is not worth living.” And your own examination seems to have brought you some pain: wearing old clothes to conceal your wealth. Exiting the taxi a few blocks before your destination to be seen on foot. The warnings never to say anything about the family business. Your mother’s voice admonishing you to sit up straight when you do, as you prepared to call upon Congress to raise your own taxes. Witnessing the harm that extreme wealth concentration inflicts on our republic – the pessimism,

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Michael Hayden, January 2024

Given your distinguished military record and tenure as chief of both the NSA and the CIA, it’s hard to identify any person more qualified to opine on America’s national security than you. And given your intellect and partisan neutrality, it’s hard to imagine any such opinion that should be accorded greater weight. That you were appointed to lead the NSA by Bill Clinton and the CIA by George W. Bush; that the later nomination was confirmed by then-Senator Joe Biden yet opposed by Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton; and that you oppose Donald Trump and the MAGA strain of the Republican

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Steven Spielberg, January 2024

History furnishes many examples of democratic and popular governments, but of only two attaining uncontested sovereignty over their respective worlds: the Roman republic and the United States. These two superpower republics have in turn produced an equally short list of egalitarian reformers whose resistance to the plutocracy marked the onset of civil war and who were slain for their devotion to the republican cause. The greatest story that Hollywood has never told is of the earlier –Tiberius Gracchus – the young noble tutored in Greek philosophy, who went on to become the first Roman to scale the ramparts at Carthage, was

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Stanley McChrystal, December 2023

Devotion and duty would seem to be the watchwords of your life, judging by your record of military service to our country. Few Americans today match your dedication in rising to John Adams’s call: “Our Obligations to our Country never cease but with our Lives. We ought to do all We can.” But your recent writings suggest a third maxim guiding your civilian life. One deployed not to defending America’s interests and assets from foreign aggression but that would instead preserve its republican form of government: egalitarianism. In Lincoln’s Call to Service – and Ours, you noted your concern over poverty.

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Mike Pence, December 2023

Although I’ve never voted against the Republican presidential nominee, I salute you for certifying Donald Trump’s defeat on January 6, 2021. In so doing, you placed the orderly transition of power ordained by the Constitution above partisan politics. You may even have single-handedly prevented a constitutional crisis for which, as your legal counsel put it, there would be “no neutral arbiter to break the impasse.” But though you protected our republican institutions from that crisis, the populist forces which precipitated it – the “disorders and miseries” that George Washington warned lead men to “seek security and repose in the absolute power

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Mitt Romney, November 2023

Reference is made to your statements of September 13, 2023 announcing your intention to relinquish your Senate seat upon the conclusion of the current term. In describing the reasons leading to this decision, you expressed your aversion to the reactionary populist demagoguery and disregard for the Constitution manifesting in a disaffected portion of the Republican Party. All who are familiar with George Washington’s nightmare vision of the fate stalking America’s experiment in self-government – which judging by the sad state of our national discourse is far fewer than it ought to be – should applaud your loyalty to the Constitution and

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First Letter from Tim Ferguson to Warren Buffett, November 2023

During the 2012 campaign cycle, you deplored the fact that your tax rate was lower than that of your secretary, Debbie Bosanek. Refuting the justification given by then-Speaker John Boehner, you blamed Congress for the absurd state of affairs still persisting in America: Billionaires are taxed at lower rates than ordinary middle-class households. You not only reiterated your opinion in a 2019 interview, stating: “The wealthy are definitely undertaxed relative to the general population.” You also then asserted that wealth taxes, when they come, would be unlikely to trigger the apocalyptic capital exodus that their opponents routinely prognosticate. We agree on

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Property monopolized, or in the Possession of a Few is a Curse to Mankind. We should preserve not an Absolute Equality – this is unnecessary, but preserve all from extreme Poverty, and all others from extravagant Riches.

Property monopolized, or in the Possession of a Few is a Curse to Mankind. We should preserve not an Absolute Equality – this is unnecessary, but preserve all from extreme Poverty, and all others from extravagant Riches.